Nails, Screws & Fasteners Cheat Sheet

Nail sizes, screw types, and anchor selection for various materials. Helps choose the right fastener for any project.

Common Nail Sizes
SizeLengthCommon Use
6d2"Finish work, thin trim
8d2-1/2"Sheathing, siding
10d3"Framing, general purpose
16d3-1/2"Framing (most common)
20d4"Heavy framing, beams
Nail Types

Common Nails

Large flat head, framing & rough carpentry

Box Nails

Thinner than common, less splitting, siding

Finish Nails

Small head, can be set below surface, trim work

Brad Nails

Very thin, delicate trim, minimal splitting

Roofing Nails

Large head, galvanized, shingles & roofing

Masonry Nails

Hardened steel, concrete & brick

Screw Sizes & Types
TypeSize RangeBest Use
Wood Screws#6 to #14General woodworking
Deck Screws2" to 3-1/2"Outdoor projects, decking
Drywall Screws1-1/4" to 2"Drywall to studs
Construction Screws2-1/2" to 6"Framing, structural
Pocket Hole Screws1" to 2-1/2"Joinery with Kreg jig
Screw Drive Types

Phillips

Cross pattern, very common

Square (Robertson)

Less cam-out, popular in Canada

Star (Torx)

No cam-out, high torque

Hex

Structural screws, lag bolts

Anchor Types for Different Materials

Drywall Anchors

  • Plastic Expansion: Light loads (10-25 lbs)
  • Self-Drilling: Medium loads (25-50 lbs)
  • Toggle Bolts: Heavy loads (50-100+ lbs)
  • Snaptoggle: Heavy loads, reusable (100+ lbs)

Concrete & Masonry

  • Tapcon Screws: Concrete, brick, block
  • Wedge Anchors: Heavy duty, permanent
  • Sleeve Anchors: Versatile, removable
  • Concrete Screws: Quick installation
Fastener Selection Guide
  • Exterior: Use galvanized, stainless, or coated fasteners
  • Treated Lumber: Use hot-dipped galvanized or stainless
  • Cedar/Redwood: Use stainless to prevent staining
  • Hardwoods: Pre-drill to prevent splitting
  • Softwoods: Can direct-drive most fasteners
  • Rule of thumb: Fastener should be 3x thickness of material being attached

Additional Information

About This Fasteners Guide

This comprehensive fasteners cheat sheet provides essential reference information for selecting the right nails, screws, and anchors for any project. Understanding fastener types, sizes, and materials ensures your projects hold together securely and withstand the intended loads and environmental conditions.

Choosing the wrong fastener can lead to project failure - from stripped screws and split wood to corrosion stains and structural weakness. This guide covers nail sizes (penny designations), screw types and drive styles, drywall anchors for different weight capacities, and special considerations for treated lumber, exterior applications, and different wood types.

With thousands of fastener options available, knowing which one to use can be overwhelming. This reference simplifies the selection process by focusing on the most common applications in residential construction and woodworking, helping you choose fasteners that will perform properly for years to come.

Why Use This Fasteners Reference Guide?

Having quick access to fastener specifications helps ensure your projects are strong, durable, and appropriate for their environment. This guide prevents common fastener mistakes that compromise project integrity.

  • Select the correct nail size (penny designation) for framing, trim, and sheathing
  • Choose appropriate screw types and drive styles for different applications
  • Match drywall anchor capacity to the weight you're hanging
  • Use corrosion-resistant fasteners for exterior and treated lumber projects
  • Understand when to pre-drill to prevent wood splitting
  • Follow the 3x rule for proper fastener length selection
Frequently Asked Questions

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