Complete guide to nail gun selection: nailer types by application, fastener compatibility, angle configurations, PSI requirements, pneumatic vs cordless, and safety.
Nail guns (nailers) dramatically speed up fastening compared to hand-driving. Choosing the right nailer depends on your project type, fastener size requirements, and whether you prefer pneumatic (air-powered) or cordless battery operation.
The five main types—framing, finish, brad, pin, and roofing nailers—use different gauge and length fasteners optimized for specific applications. Understanding fastener compatibility and power requirements ensures professional results.
| Nailer Type | Nail Gauge | Nail Length | Best Applications |
|---|---|---|---|
| Framing Nailer | 11-12 gauge | 2" to 3-1/2" | Framing walls, decks, sheathing, subfloors, fencing, structural work |
| Finish Nailer | 15-16 gauge | 1" to 2-1/2" | Trim, baseboards, crown molding, door/window casings, cabinetry |
| Brad Nailer | 18 gauge | 5/8" to 2" | Light trim, small moldings, paneling, crafts, delicate work |
| Pin Nailer | 23 gauge | 1/2" to 2" | Very thin trim, veneer, delicate moldings, minimal hole size |
| Roofing Nailer | 11-12 gauge | 3/4" to 1-3/4" | Shingles, roofing felt, insulation board, roofing-specific fasteners |
| Flooring Nailer | 15-16 gauge | 1-1/2" to 2" | Tongue-and-groove hardwood flooring installation |
| Palm Nailer | Various | Hand-driven nails | Tight spaces, joist hangers, metal connectors, awkward angles |
Lower gauge number = thicker nail. Gauge refers to wire thickness:
Purpose: The workhorse for structural framing and heavy construction.
Common Uses:
Key Features:
Purpose: Versatile tool for trim carpentry and finishing work.
Common Uses:
Key Features:
Purpose: Light-duty finish work where minimal holes matter.
Common Uses:
Key Features:
Purpose: Nearly invisible fastening for delicate work.
Common Uses:
Key Features:
Purpose: High-speed shingle installation with proper depth control.
Common Uses:
Key Features:
| Angle | Nail Type | Advantages | Disadvantages |
|---|---|---|---|
| 21° Angle | Full-round or clipped-head | Accepted by most codes, good maneuverability, widely available | Smaller magazine capacity vs 30° |
| 30° Angle | Clipped-head (offset round) | Largest magazine capacity, best for production framing, compact nose | Clipped-head not accepted in some jurisdictions |
| Straight (0°) | Full-round-head | Full code compliance everywhere, maximum holding power | Bulkier, less nail capacity, harder to fit in tight spots |
| Feature | Pneumatic (Air) | Cordless (Battery) |
|---|---|---|
| Power Source | Air compressor required | Rechargeable battery (18V-21V typical) |
| Mobility | Limited by hose length (~100 ft max) | Complete mobility, no hose |
| Weight | Lighter (3-6 lbs typical) | Heavier with battery (5-8 lbs typical) |
| Cost | $ (plus compressor cost $150-$500) | $$-$$$ (battery and charger included) |
| Maintenance | Regular oiling required, compressor maintenance | Minimal maintenance, battery care only |
| Runtime | Unlimited (with compressor power) | Limited by battery (500-1000 nails per charge) |
| Power | Consistent, adjustable via PSI | Slightly less powerful, consistent until battery low |
| Best For | Shop work, large projects, multiple tools sharing compressor | Remote jobsites, roofing, remodeling, no power available |
PSI (Pounds per Square Inch): Pressure of air. Most nailers operate at 70-120 PSI.
CFM (Cubic Feet per Minute): Volume of air delivered. More important than PSI for matching compressor to nailer.
| Nailer Type | Operating PSI | CFM Required | Minimum Compressor |
|---|---|---|---|
| Brad Nailer | 70-90 PSI | 0.3-0.5 CFM @ 90 PSI | 1-2 gallon pancake |
| Finish Nailer | 70-120 PSI | 1.0-2.0 CFM @ 90 PSI | 2-6 gallon portable |
| Framing Nailer | 100-130 PSI | 2.0-4.0 CFM @ 90 PSI | 4-6 gallon, 2+ HP |
| Roofing Nailer | 100-120 PSI | 2.5-4.0 CFM @ 90 PSI | 6 gallon wheeled |
| Multiple Nailers | Varies | Add CFM requirements | 15-20 gallon, 5+ HP |
Most nailers allow you to adjust how deep nails are driven. Proper depth prevents over-driving (damaged wood) and under-driving (proud nails).
Jams happen when nails bend, overlap, or fail to feed properly. Never clear jams with nailer connected to power/air.
Disclaimer: This guide provides general nail gun information. Always follow manufacturer instructions, wear appropriate safety equipment, and comply with OSHA regulations for professional use.