Pipe sizes, materials, fittings, and drainage requirements for residential plumbing. Great foundation for DIY plumbing repairs and installations.
| Size | Material | Common Uses |
|---|---|---|
| 1/2" | PEX, Copper | Supply lines to fixtures |
| 3/4" | PEX, Copper | Main water lines, multiple fixtures |
| 1" | PEX, Copper | Service entrance, manifolds |
| 1-1/4" | PVC, ABS | Sink drains |
| 1-1/2" | PVC, ABS | Bathtub, shower drains |
| 2" | PVC, ABS | Washing machine, branch drains |
| 3" | PVC, ABS, Cast Iron | Toilet drains, main stacks |
| 4" | PVC, ABS, Cast Iron | Main sewer line, stacks |
PEX (Cross-linked Polyethylene)
Copper
PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride)
ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene)
DWV Slope Requirements
Vent Requirements
Trap Requirements
Normal Pressure: 40-60 PSI
Maximum: 80 PSI (PRV required above)
Minimum: 30 PSI (fixtures may not work properly)
Flow Rates:
90° Elbow
Right angle turn
45° Elbow
Gentler angle turn
Coupling
Join two straight pipes
Tee
Three-way connection
Wye
45° branch connection
Reducer
Change pipe size
Cap
Close end of pipe
Union
Removable connection
This plumbing basics cheat sheet provides essential reference information for DIY homeowners tackling common plumbing projects. From understanding pipe sizes and materials to proper drain slope requirements, this guide covers the fundamental knowledge you need for successful plumbing repairs and installations.
Whether you're replacing a faucet, fixing a leaky pipe, installing a new toilet, or planning a bathroom renovation, understanding plumbing basics helps you work more efficiently and avoid costly mistakes. This reference includes pipe sizing for supply and drain lines, material selection guidance, soldering techniques, and critical venting requirements that ensure your plumbing system functions properly.
Plumbing work requires attention to detail and adherence to local codes. While many homeowners can successfully handle basic repairs, complex projects involving main drain lines, water heaters, or gas piping should be left to licensed professionals. Always check local building codes and permit requirements before starting any significant plumbing project.
Having quick access to plumbing specifications helps ensure your projects function properly and meet code requirements. This guide saves time at the hardware store and helps prevent water damage from improper installations.