Complete reference for router types, bit selection, feed direction, edge profiles, joinery techniques, and safety requirements. Essential for edge work, dadoes, and decorative profiles.
Compact/Trim Router (1-1.25 HP)
Mid-Size Router (1.75-2.25 HP)
Full-Size Router (3-3.25+ HP)
Fixed Base
Plunge Base
Recommendation
Many routers offer combo kits with interchangeable bases. For versatility, get both. If choosing one, fixed base handles 80% of tasks; get plunge if you do mortises or template work.
| Bit Type | Description | Common Uses |
|---|---|---|
| Straight | Flat bottom, various widths | Dadoes, grooves, rabbets, mortises |
| Roundover | Rounded edge (1/8" to 1" radius) | Softening edges, handrails, furniture |
| Chamfer | 45° angled edge | Decorative edges, panel chamfers |
| Cove | Concave curved profile | Decorative molding, edges |
| Flush Trim | Bearing-guided straight bit | Trimming to template, edge banding |
| Pattern/Template | Bearing above cutting edge | Duplicating shapes from template |
| Rabbeting | Bearing-guided L-shape cut | Cabinet backs, picture frames |
| Ogee | S-curve decorative profile | Traditional molding, table edges |
| Roman Ogee | Classic decorative edge | Furniture edges, trim |
| Dovetail | Angled sides (7°-14°) | Dovetail joints, drawer construction |
| Feature | 1/4" Shank | 1/2" Shank |
|---|---|---|
| Stability | Less stable | More stable, less vibration |
| Breakage risk | Higher | Lower |
| Bit variety | Good for small bits | Best for large bits |
| Cost | Usually cheaper | Slightly more |
| Router requirement | Any router | Mid-size or larger |
Recommendation
Always use 1/2" shank bits when available - they're more stable, less prone to breaking, and produce cleaner cuts. Only use 1/4" for small bits that don't come in 1/2" or when using a trim router.
⚠️ ALWAYS Feed Against Bit Rotation
Feeding the wrong direction (climb cutting) causes the bit to grab the wood and pull the router violently forward. This is extremely dangerous.
Handheld Router
Router Table
Memory Trick
The bit should always be fighting against your feed direction. If the router wants to pull/run away from you, you're going the wrong direction.
| Bit Diameter | Max Speed (RPM) |
|---|---|
| Up to 1" | 22,000-24,000 |
| 1" to 2" | 18,000-22,000 |
| 2" to 2-1/2" | 12,000-16,000 |
| 2-1/2" to 3" | 10,000-12,000 |
| 3" to 3-1/2" | 8,000-10,000 |
Larger bits at high speed can be dangerous. The outer edge of a 3" bit at 20,000 RPM is traveling over 150 mph.
Required PPE
Critical Safety Practices
Workpiece Security
Edge Profiling
Dadoes & Grooves
Rabbets
Template Routing
The router is one of the most versatile tools in woodworking, capable of edge profiles, dadoes, rabbets, mortises, and countless decorative cuts. With the right bit and technique, a router can produce professional-quality results that would otherwise require expensive specialized equipment.
Understanding feed direction is critical for safe router operation. The spinning bit creates tremendous force - feeding in the wrong direction (climb cutting) causes the router to grab the wood and pull forward violently, potentially causing serious injury. Always feed against the bit rotation.
Routers are loud and create fine dust, making hearing and respiratory protection essential. Face shields are recommended over safety glasses because bits can shatter at the high speeds routers operate. With proper technique and safety practices, the router becomes an indispensable tool for furniture making, trim work, and countless other projects.
Router operations require understanding feed direction, speed settings, and bit selection. This guide provides quick reference for these critical factors.